现在完成时的句子结构 现在完成时句子结构

肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词

否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词

疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词

7. 现在完成时

(1) 现在完成时的句型结构

①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词

②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词

③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词

(2) 现在完成时的用法

①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。

如：

I’ve never been to Africa.

Have you ever been to Tokyo?

I’ve been there three times.

②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。

如：

He has just finished his new book.

注意：just now用于过去时。

③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与 for或since连用。

如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6

years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/

since I came to this city.

It is/has been …+ since….

It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.

It’s six years since he was a teacher.

注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。 ④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。

如：

You can go home when you have

finished your work.

比较：You can go home when you

finish your work.

(3) 过去分词的构成

① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。

如：

listen-listened, talk-talked

② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。

1/2

如：

live-lived, hope-hoped

③ 以辅音字母加y接尾的动词，y变i，再加-ed.

如：

worry-worried, hurry-hurried

④ 以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母，再加-ed。

如：

drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped

⑤ 不规则变化

如：

cut-cut-cut, come-came-come

begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent

相关推荐文档

浅析初中英语句型结构

满意的话，求采纳啊，亲，谢谢

现在完成时态的时态结构

现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：

①表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。

二 、1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。 在“it is the first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。在“it + be...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。have/has/had +been +动词的现在进行时。 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是result (结果）。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is the… that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

---No, it's the first time I ___ here. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.

（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. (错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.

现在完成时句子详细结构 。有好评

现在完成时的结构：have /has done

用现在完成时的一些标志：since，for+时间段，over the days，……

具体要看句子的意思，看你做的是什么样的题目了

如果你还不明白，可以问我

打字不易，如满意，望采纳。

现在完成时句子结构及例句10条。有好评。

现在完成时的结构；助动词have /has + 动词的过去分词。

He has been to Beijing.

I have had supper .

He has read the book.

She has finished her homework.

Jim has done his homework.

He has finished the work.

We have been friends for ten years.

He has taught in this school for two years .

The fish has been dead for three hours .

The dog has eaten the food .

They have gone home .

初中英语现在完成时的句型结构

肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词

否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词

疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词

7. 现在完成时

(1) 现在完成时的句型结构

①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词

②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词

③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词

(2) 现在完成时的用法

①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。

如：

I’ve never been to Africa.

Have you ever been to Tokyo?

I’ve been there three times.

②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。

如：

He has just finished his new book.

注意：just now用于过去时。

③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与for或since连用。

如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.

It is/has been …+ since….

It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.

It’s six years since he was a teacher.

注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。

④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。

如：

You can go home when you have finished your work.

比较：You can go home when you finish your work.

(3) 过去分词的构成

① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。

如：

listen-listened, talk-talked

② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。

如：

live-lived, hope-hoped

③ 以辅音字母加y接尾的动词，y变i，再加-ed.

如：

worry-worried, hurry-hurried

④ 以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母，再加-ed。

如：

drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped

⑤ 不规则变化

如：

cut-cut-cut, come-came-come

begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent

选自魏老师《高考语法完全突破》视频讲座记忆大纲

什么情况下用现在完成时以及句子结构句式变换（肯定句，否定句，疑问句） 急求！！！

表示现在已经发生或完成了的动作或者现在已经存在的状态，侧重对现在造成的影响或结果。

如：

他们在这儿工作五年了。They have worked here for five years.(表示从五年前的某一天开始到现在还在这儿工作着）

他看过这部电影了。He has seen the film.（表示他现先在对这部电影的内容还了解）

构成：have (has) +过去分词

肯定式：主语+have(或has) + 过去分词 + 其他

否定式：主语+have(或has) + not +过去分词 + 其他

疑问式：Have (或Has) + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他

如：They have worked here for five years.

They have not worked here for five years.

Have they worked here for five years?Yes , they have.

造4个现在完成时的句子，结构：主语+have\has+动词的过去式

l have finished my homework.

He has kept the book for a week.

He has gone to American .

They have had breakfast.

只等几分钟 现在完成进行时的结构 和有关他的一些句子

Present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时

请看下面的例句:

Is it raining ? No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining.

我们用现在完成进行时表示最近停止或刚停止的动作(We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped.):.

You’re out of breath. Have you been running ? (you’re out of breath now)

Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard. (he’s tired now)

Why are your clothes so dirty ? What have you been doing ?

I’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that …

It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.

How long has it been raining ? It has been raining for two hours.

我们常这样用现在完成进行时，特别是和“how long,for,since” 这个动作可能仍然在进行（以上这个例子里）或刚刚停止。We often use the present perfect continuous in this way, especially with how long, for… and since…The activity is still happening(as in this example) or has just stopped.

摘自：http://edu.qq.com/a/20050810/000837.htm

还可以看看这个：

区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时

现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。

现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。

现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较： （1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：

We have heen cleaning the classroom．（a）

We have cleaned the classroom．（b）

（a）句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。

Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a）

John has painted the door．（b）

（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。

（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：

They have been widening the road．（a）

They have widened the road．（b）

（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：

Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978．（a）

Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979．（b）

（a）句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，（b）句则没有。

（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：

My mother has been teaching English for twenty years．（a）

My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）

（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。

（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：

Have you been meeting her lately？（a）

Have you met her lately？（b）

（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。

（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：

What have you been doing？（a）

What have you done？（b）

（a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。

Have you been waiting long？（a）

Have you waited long？（b）

（a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。

I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a）

I have long wanted to meet you．（b）

（a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。

Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a）

Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b）

（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。

下面还有一例，颇为有趣:

Who's been eating my apples？（a）

Who's eaten my apples？（b）

（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

（6）在否定结构中，现在完成时所否定的是谓语动词，现在完成进行时所否定的是状语。如：

He hasn't been speaking since three o'clock．（a）

He hasn't spoken since three o'clock．（b）

（a）句中所否定的不是has been speaking，而是 since three o'clock，其结构等于 He has been speaking not since three o'clock but since half past three．这是因为现在完成进行时本身是没有否定结构的原故。（b）句用的是现在完成时，而现在完成时是有否定结构的，所以（b）句中所否定的自然是has spoken，意即“从三点起他一直沉默不语，未发一言”。

摘自：http://cache.baidu.com/c?word=%CF%D6%D4%DA%3B%CD%EA%B3%C9%3B%BD%F8%D0%D0%3B%CA%B1&url=http%3A//hi%2Ebaidu%2Ecom/%B2%D7%BA%A3%D2%B9%D3%EA/blog/item/eeb6fbf251fe5d13b17ec582%2Ehtml&p=84769a46ddb157e534a8c4710c14c1&user=baidu