论文数据的英文表达句子

时间:2024-01-07 12:20:04来源:<未知推荐访问:好词好句

国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。

论文数据的英文表达句子

写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。

1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。

2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。

3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。

4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important value.

6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。

7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。

以上内容来自辑文编译

2. 论文发表的数据处理

据统计是实验性SCI论文所必备的。数据统计的作用就是用科学地分析手段证实研究所得结果的合理性。在SCI论文写作方面,数据统计部分有一些习惯性的用语。在此,做简要归纳。

提到数据统计部分的内容主要体现在材料与方法(Materials & Methods)、结果(Results)与讨论(Discussion)部分。材料与方法部分主要陈述用某软件(如SPSS 13.0),采用某种分析进行数据统计。该部分内容的写作举例如下:

Statistics was performed with SPSS 13.0 Software. Statistical significance was detected by X2 test.

结果部分的统计,多数为组内与组间有无显著性差异。注意,如有显著性差异,请记得标明具体的P值。写作时常用的句子包括:

statistical difference was detected/observed/examined between or within the group(s) (P value). 组内与组间有无显著性差异(P值=)。

Statistical difference was observed/detected/examined in group A compared with that of group B. 或A组与B组相比,在XX方面具显著性差异。

Significant/Remarkable decrease/reduction was observed in the expression of XX protein in group A compared with that of group B (P value). A组与B组相比,A组蛋白表达水平明显降低(P值)。

我们常会遇到这样的句子:“A组与B组相比,蛋白C、D表达存在差异性。其中C蛋白表达上调,D蛋白表达下调。”这样的句子在翻译时要根据英文论文的撰写特点,重新排序。其实该句在翻译时完全可以这样写:A组与B组相比,C蛋白表达量上调(A组表达水平VS B组表达水平,P值),D蛋白表达量下调(A组表达水平VS B组表达水平,P值)。之所以这样写就是因为中英文论文行文特点的不同,译员要在读懂中文论文的基础上将原来的内容经过“解码”后才会译出原汁原味的英文句子来。参考译文为:Compared with group B, up-regulation of Protein C was detected in group A (xx vs xx, P value). In addition, down-regulation of Protein D was detected in group A compared with that of group B (xx vs xx, P value). 值得一提的是,多数作者在行文时往往没有SCI论文内的标准格式撰写,但是翻译人员在进行翻译时却极有必要指出这些。因为这些能体现出一个人的科研素养。有心留意的译员就会发现很多时候客户的文章写作统计方面存在一些欠缺或不足,这些都需要译员指出来,这些细节对论文的接受可能没有实质性的改变,但是这是一种素质的体现。因为只有专业才能成就卓越!

以上自辑文编译转载

3. 用英语描述如何写论文

Nowadays many students complain about how to write an argumentation. As long as you follow the suggestions below, you can write an excellent one.

HAVE A CLEAR STRUCTURE. A clear structure guides your reader to understand the viewpoints you address. You can use such structural words as "first", "second", "in addition", "moreover" to divide your viewpoints. In addition, you can use such sentences as "Here are my reasons", "As follows, I will give my suggestions", so that your readers can clearly see your intentions.

BE PERSUASIVE. Argumentations aim to persuade others to buy your viewpoints, that is, you should try your best to convince your readers. In some cases, you can use these kind of sentences: As is known to all, 。 . It is universally acknowledged that 。 . There is no denying that 。 . So that you can strengthen your voice.

BE LOGICAL. Logics is the essense of an argumentation. You have to be reasonable when writing an argumentation. First of all, you have to outline your argumentation and decide on the sequence of your reasons, such as time order, degree of importance and so on. Moreover, you should make sure that your paper covers what it is supposed to. For example, when talking about health, you should not only focus on physical health, but also mental health. When it comes to pollution, air, water, noise pollutions should all be included.

BE FLEXIBLE. There is more than a way to argue. You should adopt a proper way to address your viewpoint. For example, when talking about the pros and cons of part time job, examples are preferred. When comparing the educational systems between China and the UK, comparasion and contrast should be used. If you are going to write about the harm of being addicted to online games, you'd better use contrario.

There are various ways that you can write an excellent argumentations. But the most important thing is that you should practice often, because practice makes perfect.

4. 我需要写一篇描述图表和数据的英语作文,求一些常用的单词短语和句

一、图表类作文常用的单词、短语和句型 1. 表示数据变化的单词或短语 in the case of (在……的情况下) in terms of (在……方面) increase / raise / rise / go up(增加) decrease / grow down / drop / fall (减少) increased by (增长了) increased to (增长到) the number sharply goes up to(数字急剧上升至) significant(重大的),steady(平稳的),gradual(逐渐的),slow(慢慢的),stable(稳定的),rapid(快速的)…… 2. 表示从图表得知的信息的句型 The table / chart / graph shows that。

(这个图表告诉我们……) According to the table / chart /graph, we can see that。(根据图表,我们可以看出……) It can be concluded from the graph that。

(从图表中可以得出……) The table shows the changes in the number of。over the period from。

to。(该表格描述了在……期间……数量的变化) 二、图表类作文的模式 图表类作文中的图表主要有以下形式:柱形图类(chart)、圆饼图类 (pie chart)、曲线图类(line chart)、表格类(table)。

写文章时,首先要对图表加以描述,而后引出主题加以讨论,最后得出结论,也就是按照描述图表—解释原因—下结论的步骤来写。切忌对图表不作交代就直接谈论主题。

1. 表格类作文的模式 表格类作文一般可以分为三段:第一段对表格中的数据进行描述,只要抓住变化规律即可,切忌一一列举数据;第二段说明变化的原因;第三段得出结论。即: (1) Studying the table carefully, we can see。

(仔细研读表格,我们可以看出……) (2) In my opinion, the reasons why。are as follows. Firstly。

Secondly。Thirdly。

(在我看来,为什么……的原因在于以下几点:第一……第二……第三……) (3) To sum up。(总而言之……)。

5. 英文论文引用一句句子的格式

英语论文中引用一句句子的格式是:As an old saying goes+(引用的句子)。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。

无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

扩展资料:

若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper 9).

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);

作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

Dr. Beaman points out that “he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”.

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

6. 数字用英语怎么表达

1. 分数表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用复数。

如:1/3 one third, 2/3 two thirds, 2 2/3 two and two-thirds

注:1/2 可用a(one) half表示,1/4 可用a(one) quarter表示,3/4可用 three-quarters表示。

2. 加减乘除的表达法:

2+3=5 Two plus three is five.

Two plus three makes/equals five.

Two plus three is equal to five.

8-3=5 Eight minus three is five

3X3=9 Three times three is nine.

8/2=4 Eight divided by two is four.

3.次方表达法:

a的2次方:a square

a的3次方: a cube

a的四次方:a to the fourth power 或 the fourth power of a

a的五次方:a to the fifth power 或 the fifth power of a

以此类推。

7. 英文论文写作中“例如”的表达方法

for example

用来举例说明,由它引出介绍普遍概念的例子,使用范围要比such as自由。可以出现在句首、句末或有时可作为独立语,插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。

例如, Cryptography operations, for example, decryption or signing, in a given period only involve the corresponding temporary secret key without further access to the helper.

同样for example ( e. g. )表示泛泛地举几个例子,并没有囊括所有的实例,其中就已经包含“等等”,如果再加etc.或and so on,就画蛇添足了。

如论文中出现的这句话是不当的:Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice (e. g. , organization, clear expression, logical thinking, etc. 正确的为e. g. , organization, clear expression, and logical thinking.

8. 翻译论文摘要(英文),句子结构尽量简单

Thoughts was triggered by observing the deformation of an upright A4 paper caused by external interference, i.e. when the section of a paper is not bent, its stability is low and the stability is high when it is bent; and through the expression of the critical uniform load which was deduced from the slightly bent state of a uniform load model, this paper draws a relevant conclusion about the effect of section shape of a material on its stability. By combining the uniform load model with concentrated load model to form a composite model, the collapse of transmission towers in the ice disaster can be explained in terms of stability.。