托福写作佳句

这么长！先改一段您试看，若满意，再继续.The friends with whom (that) you can have fun are more important than the friends from whom you can get help?We are living (live) in a gregarious society, relying on cooperation to maintain (sustain) our life. So, everyone needs friends. Some friends are funny; some friends are like-minded; some friends can help you a lot; some friends are only fair-weather friends. Some people holds the idea that the friends whom you can have fun with are more important than the friends whom you can get help from. By contrast, in my eyes, the friends who (can) help you a lot are much more significant than the friends who can make you laugh. My arguements (reasons) are following.。

2. 托福作文里的经典语句

新东方英文写作佳句300例 1.When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personally think the president committed impeachable offences .当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔•克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。

但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。

2. When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing , some people think that use should be limited . Others argue that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth to both arguments,but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。

也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。3. There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers . Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability . They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China ' s cities . But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force , on the other hand , maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program .目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。

反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。

但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。4. It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding . Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program . But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem .人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。

专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。

5. Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems . But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness .大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。

6. Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime . But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject , little evidence exists to support the claim .很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。但是，虽然刑事学家就这一课题做了详尽的研究，几乎没有证据能支持这种说法。

7. An increasing number of people are joining the " Information Age " via the Internet . In reaction to the phenomenon , some say the Internet has removed barrters and provided people with immediate access to the world . But do they raelize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy ？越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。

但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？8. The use of guanxi is a widespread method for conducting business , but is it a wise one ? The method is now being challenged by more and more people .利用关系是做生意的普遍做法，但这种做法明智吗？现在，越来越多的人对这种方法提出了质疑。9. These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor . Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem . But has it ? Close examination fails to bear out the argument .最近，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。

一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗？细致的调查无法证实这一观点。

10. We ' re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction . But is this really the case ？我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗？。

3. 托福作文里的经典语句

新东方英文写作佳句300例 1.When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personally think the president committed impeachable offences .当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔•克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。

但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。

2. When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing , some people think that use should be limited . Others argue that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth to both arguments,but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。

也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。3. There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers . Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability . They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China ' s cities . But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force , on the other hand , maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program .目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。

反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。

但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。4. It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding . Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program . But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem .人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。

专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。

5. Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems . But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness .大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。

6. Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime . But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject , little evidence exists to support the claim .很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。但是，虽然刑事学家就这一课题做了详尽的研究，几乎没有证据能支持这种说法。

7. An increasing number of people are joining the " Information Age " via the Internet . In reaction to the phenomenon , some say the Internet has removed barrters and provided people with immediate access to the world . But do they raelize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy ？越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。

但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？8. The use of guanxi is a widespread method for conducting business , but is it a wise one ? The method is now being challenged by more and more people .利用关系是做生意的普遍做法，但这种做法明智吗？现在，越来越多的人对这种方法提出了质疑。9. These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor . Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem . But has it ? Close examination fails to bear out the argument .最近，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。

一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗？细致的调查无法证实这一观点。

10. We ' re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction . But is this really the case ？我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗？。

4. 本文分享的托福写作好句子有哪些

本文分享的托福写作好句子有： There is probably no issue more important to a civil society than the access to education。

许多人现在倾向于花时间在电脑前儿不是家人身上 Many people now prefer to spend time in front of the computer rather than with their family 使用电脑完成的课外活动可以让孩子在阅读、数学和计算机知识方面有收获 Computer-based extra-curriculum activities allow children to achieve gains in reading, mathematics and computer knowledge。 研究表明接触酒类广告的年轻人容易喝更多的酒 Research has revealed that young people who are exposed to advertisements for alcohol are likely to drink more。

随着因特网的普遍使用，它的优缺点已经成为争论的话题 With the use of the Internet becoming ever-present, its pros and cons has become a subject of a matter for debate 在最近几年，人类社会的生活标准似乎有了本质提高 也许现在是应该重新考虑大学为是智力的保证这种想法的时候了。 Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that college degrees are a guarantee of intelligence。

越来越多的人开始意识到财富不是幸福的惟一先决条件。 A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。

尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步，但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。 In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology, problems remain in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people。

In recent years, it has appeared as if/ it seems that the living standard of human society has been substantially improved 最近人们认为，城市扩张对健康有负面影响 Urban sprawl has recently been thought to have negative effects on people's well-being 在过去的20年里，环境保护已经成为最热门的话题之一 Over the past twenty years, environmental protection has arisen as one of the hottest topics。 我认为广告和孩子的饮食选择之间有着明显的联系 I am convinced that there is a clear relationship between advertising and eating choices among children。

一位著名的思想家曾经写道：“对人类最大的威胁是人类自身！”如果事实确实如此，那么，现状应该促使我们对我们未来的生存进行思索了。 A famous thinker once wrote that "the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself!"If this is indeed the case, then the current situation should make us ponder our further existence。

大家庭曾经被看做是一种福气。然而，今天，情况改变了，越来越多的中国家长意识到家庭成员越少越好。

Large families were once seen as a blessing。 Today, however, things are changing and an increasing number of Chinese parents realize that fewer is better。

过去，人们习惯完全依靠政府。以前盛行所谓的“铁饭碗”，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

People used to place total reliance on the government。 The so-called "iron rice bowl "prevailed in the past, but things are quite different today。

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet。

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation。

5. 托福写作常用的精华句子有哪些

1。

There has been undesirable trend in recent yearstowards the worship of money 。 A recent survey showed that X percent ofrespondents ranked getting rich as their top priority , compared to X percentonly a few years ago 。

Why do people fail to realize that wealth does notnecessarily bring happiness ? 2。 Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in atragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver 。

The incident was far fromrare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people dricing underthe influence of alcohol 。 3。

I recently read a newspaper article on the rampantspread of child abuse 。 The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse ofinnocent children has aroused public concern nationwide 。

4。 Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child ?Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely 。

Some view strictdiscipline as nothing more than a form of abuse , while others argue it is anessential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior 。 5。

What do you think of the increasing openness accompanyingthe ongoing sexual revolution ? Do you ever fantasize ? Answers to thesequestions should be based on a determination between appropriate andinappropriate behavior 。 6。

Why do some governments persist in spending billionsof dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to gripmany countries throughout the world ? This particular question is being raisedby an ever increasing number of people 。 7。

Judging from the reams of evidence presented , we cansafely conclude that the Three Gorges Project will change the lives of anuntold number of people forever 。 8。

The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonablyconclude that the scourge of AIDS will be brought under control in theforeseeable future 。 9。

We must seek immediate solutions for problems leadingto the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer 。 If allowed to proceedunchecked , the problem will undoubtedly exacerbate global warming and threatenlife as we know it today 。

10。 Quite obviously , immediate action is needed toextricate 80 million Chinese people from the grips of poverty in order toremove the danger of social unrest and ensure continuing stability 。

托福写作精华句子 - 参考译文： 1。 近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。

最近的一项调查表明，X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢？ 2。

几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的案件的典型，这些案件与在酒精作用下开车的人有关。

3。 最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。

普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。 4。

家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子？针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。

5。 你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度？你曾经想像过吗？回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。

6。 既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索？现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。

7。 根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。

8。 提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。

9。 我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。

如果任其自由发展，这一问题无疑会加剧全球升温，并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。 10。

很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。

6. 请大牛们检查并修改以下托福作文语句我要用在托福作文里的,主要

1.Doing sports will not only increase people's metabolism but also strengthen their immunity. For instance, in the past, many high schools in my city canceled the PE lessons(class or coures) in order to make students focus all their attention to study（若用focus后面加的是on，用attention的话前面固定搭配是pay）. As a result, the number of students who were absent from school due to (coming down with a cold可改成illness，这里不要过长) increased rapidly, which has a bad influence on both the student's life and the school's routines. From this case, the consequence of neglect of health is（换回was吧，这样文段统一一些，因为你下句又用了过去式 表明句子在例子里） obviously acknowledged. After restoring physical courses, this situation was just alleviated. 2Hunger is no longer a pressing problem facing our world.这句话说得很别扭 food shortage is no longer a urgent problem we are suffering now.可以这样改吧.an increasing number of them began to focus on the nutritious value of their foods.这里的them指代不清 改成people 后面要加focus on some other problems 然后再说问题 不然话连不上 How many(kinds of) vitamins。

7. 请专业人士检查并修改以下托福作文语句,主要看有没有语法错误我

1.A person can enlarge his social circle by making friends with people from different backgrounds.一个人可以通过交不同背景的朋友来扩大社交圈.2.It can benefit people by broading their knowledge and minds.这能扩大一个人的知识面和视野3.Da Vinci, a famous painter remembered for his masterpieces “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”,also made significant contributions to many other fields such as architecture, engineering, geology and biology.It is because of his profound knowledge of all these disciplines that he can create so many great art works.4.Beethoven, a famous musician remembered for the masterpiece” Symphony No.5”,has lived quite a hard life. He began to lose his hearing in his middle age and became entirely deaf at last.However, he never stopped his journey . If he chose to give up in that hard time, then we would lose an outstanding composer today. It is because of his strong will that he can create so many great art works.5.In current food market, an increasing number of food producers began to put harmful additives into easy-prepared foods in order to reduce their production costs. For instance, industrial plasticizer, sudan one and ripening agents all have triggered a number of controversies.In this case, many people are willing to cook food by themselves instead of eating some fast food. At least, they wash vegetables and cut meat by themselves, therefore the safety of these food materials can be guaranteed to some extent.6.The love, the friendship and the spirit of perseverance expressed in this movie deeply has a great educational influence on the public.7. the spirit of persistence of the girl indeed has encouraged lots of people to struggle for their goals.8.An economist needs some mathematical skills to explain economic phenomena; a musician needs some basic knowledge about music history to appreciate the meanings of classic compositions; an archeologist needs some geological methods to date ancient sites.9.As a high school student, every day i spend one hour practicing tennis after school . the moment the ball hit the racket, I feel as if all the pressure has disappeared.Playing tennis not only brings me a lot of joy but also helps to refresh my mind from brainwork all day long, which stimulates my brain to work more actively and efficiently next day.希望能帮到你。

8. 用在开头的好句子（托福作文）

万能凤头 ●青春是用意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成的琼浆——历久弥香；青春是用不凋的希望和不灭的向往编织的彩虹——绚丽辉煌；青春是用永恒的执著和顽强的韧劲筑起的一道铜墙铁壁——固若金汤。

●信念是巍巍大厦的栋梁，没有它，就只是一堆散乱的砖瓦；信念是滔滔大江的河床，没有它，就只有一片泛滥的波浪；信念是熊熊烈火的引星，没有它，就只有一把冰冷的柴把；信念是远洋巨轮的主机，没有它，就只剩下瘫痪的巨架。 ●站在历史的海岸漫溯那一道道历史沟渠：楚大夫沉吟泽畔，九死不悔；魏武帝扬鞭东指，壮心不已；陶渊明悠然南山，饮酒采菊……他们选择了永恒，纵然谄媚诬蔑视听，也不随其流扬其波，这是执著的选择；纵然马革裹尸，魂归狼烟，只是豪壮的选择；纵然一身清苦，终日难饱，也愿怡然自乐，躬耕陇亩，这是高雅的选择。

在一番选择中，帝王将相成其盖世伟业，贤士迁客成其千古文章。 ●只有启程，才会到达理想和目的地，只有拼搏，才会获得辉煌的成功，只有播种，才会有收获。

只有追求，才会品味堂堂正正的人。 ●如果说友谊是一颗常青树，那么，浇灌它的必定是出自心田的清泉；如果说友谊是一朵开不败的鲜花，那么，照耀它的必定是从心中升起的太阳。

多少笑声都是友谊唤起的，多少眼泪都是友谊揩干的。友谊的港湾温情脉脉，友谊的清风灌满征帆。

友谊不是感情的投资，它不需要股息和分红。（友谊可以换其他词语） ●盈盈月光，我掬一杯最清的；落落余辉，我拥一缕最暖的；灼灼红叶，我拾一片最热的；萋萋芳草，我摘一束最灿的；漫漫人生，我要采撷世间最重的———毅力。

●如果说生命是一座庄严的城堡，如果说生命是一株苍茂的大树，如果说生命是一只飞翔的海鸟。那么，信念就是那穹顶的梁柱，就是那深扎的树根，就是那扇动的翅膀。

没有信念，生命的动力便荡然无存；没有信念，生命的美丽便杳然西去。（划线处可以换其他词语） ●毅力，是千里大堤一沙一石的凝聚，一点点地累积，才有前不见头后不见尾的壮丽；毅力，是春蚕吐丝一缕一缕的环绕，一丝丝地坚持，才有破茧而出重见光明的辉煌；毅力，是远航的船的帆，有了帆，船才可以到达成功的彼岸。

●爱心是一片照射在冬日的阳光，使贫病交迫的人感到人间的温暖；爱心是一泓出现在沙漠里的泉水，使濒临绝境的人重新看到生活的希望；爱心是一首飘荡在夜空的歌谣，使孤苦无依的人获得心灵的慰藉。 ●心的本色该是如此。

成，如朗月照花，深潭微澜，不论顺逆，不论成败的超然，是扬鞭策马，登高临远的驿站；败，仍滴水穿石，汇流入海，有穷且益坚，不坠青云的傲岸，有“将相本无主，男儿当自强”的倔强。荣，江山依旧，风采犹然，恰沧海巫山，熟视岁月如流，浮华万千，不屑过眼烟云；辱，胯下韩信，雪底苍松，宛若羽化之仙，知退一步，海阔天空，不肯因噎废食。

●快乐=物质/欲望。这是美国经济学家萨缪尔森提出的快乐方程式。

从经济学的观点看，物质消费越大，欲望越小，快乐就越大，正应了中国人的一句古话“知足常乐”。反之，如果一个人的物质消费有限，而欲望无穷大，将会怎样呢？路瓦栽夫人有那么多“梦想”，又有那么多“陶醉”，她怎么能不痛苦、伤心呢？ ●俄国作家契诃夫说：“有大狗，有小狗，小狗不该因为大狗的存在而心慌意乱。

所有的狗都应该叫，就让他各自用上帝给他的声音。 ●成熟是一种明亮而不刺眼的光辉，一种圆润而不腻耳的音响，一种不需要对别人察颜观色的从容，一种终于停止了向周围申诉求告的大气，一种不理会哄闹的微笑，一种洗刷了偏激的淡漠，一种无须声张的厚实， 一种并不陡峭的高度。

●爱，有的时候不需要山盟海誓的承诺，但她一定需要细致入微的关怀与问候；爱，有的时候不需要梁祝化蝶的悲壮，但她一定需要心有灵犀的默契与投合；爱，有的时候不需要雄飞雌从的追随，但她一定需要相濡以沫的支持与理解。 ●微笑着，去唱生活的歌谣，不要埋怨生活给予了太多的磨难，不必抱怨生命中有太多的曲折。

大海如果失去了巨浪的翻滚，就会失去雄浑；沙漠如果失去了飞沙的狂舞，就会失去壮观。人生如果仅去求得两点一线的一帆风顺，生命也就失去了存在的意义。

●即使青春是一枝娇艳的花，但我明白，一枝独放永远不是春天，春天该是万紫千红的世界。 即使青春是一株大地伟岸的树，但我明白，一株独秀永远不是挺拔，成行成排的林木，才是遮风挡沙的绿色长城。

即使青春是一叶大海孤高的帆，但我明白，一叶孤帆很难远航，千帆竞发才是大海的壮观。 ●生命不是一篇"文摘"，不接受平淡，只收藏精彩。

她是一个完整的过程，是一个"连载"，无论成功还是失败，她都不会在你背后留有空白；生命也不是一次彩排，走得不好还可以从头再来，她绝不给你第二次机会，走过去就无法回头。 ●试试看——不是像企鹅那样静静的站在海边，翘首企盼机会的来临，而是如苍鹰一般不停的翻飞盘旋，执著的寻求。

试试看——不是面对峰回路转、杂草丛生的前途枉自嗟叹，而是披荆斩棘，举步探索。 试试看——不是拘泥于命运的禁锢，听凭命运的摆布，而是奋力敲击其神秘的门扉。

9. 托福写作中比较常用的有哪些句子

1。

Everything has its time and that time must be watched。 万物皆有时，时来不可失。

2。Take time when time cometh,lest time steal away。

时来必须要趁时，不然时去无声息。 3。

When an opportunity is neglected,it never comes back to you。 机不可失，时不再来；机会一过，永不再来。

4。Make hay while the sun shines。

晒草要趁太阳好。 5。

Strike while the iron is hot。 趁热打铁。

（托福中可以使用） 6。Worktoday,for you know not how much you may be hindered tomrrow。

今朝有事今朝做，明朝可能阻碍多。 7。

Punctuality is the soul of business。 守时为立业之要素。

8。Procrastination is the thief of time。

因循拖延是时间的大敌；拖延就是浪费时间。 9。

Every tide hath ist ebb。 潮涨必有潮落时。

10。Knowledge is power。

知识就是力量。 11。

Wisdom is more to be envied than riches。 知识可羡，胜于财富。

12。Wisdom is better than gold or silver。

知识胜过金银。 13。

Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand。 胸中有知识，胜于手中有钱。

14。Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it。

为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。 15。

Doubt is the key of knowledge。 怀疑是知识之钥。

16。If you want knowledge,you must toil for it。

若要求知识，须从勤苦得。 17。

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing。 浅学误人。

18。A handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning。

少量的常识，当得大量的学问。 19。

Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps。 知识只能循序渐进，不能跃进。

20。Learn wisdom by the follies of others。

从旁人的愚行中学到聪明。 21。

It is good to learn at another man's cost。 。